16張圖看英國千年戰士裝備發展
- On January 18, 2019
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2014年，英國攝影師Thom Atkinson創作了”Soldiers’ Inventories”系列，展示由1066年諾曼征服到2014年阿富汗戰爭，一千年間戰士裝備的發展。
創作歷時9個月，其間他與歷史學家、重演者、收藏家、現役軍人合作，以搜羅不同時代所用的部件。見證由刀劍到步槍，食用器皿、耍樂用品的變遷。表列如下：
諾曼征服中的關鍵戰役－黑斯廷斯戰役時的戰士裝備。
1244年，由十字軍控制的聖城耶路撒冷，被馬木留克王朝鐵騎及花剌子模聯軍攻陷，最後淪為廢墟。
英法百年戰爭中以少勝多的戰役，以步兵長弓手為主力的英軍擊潰了法軍，殺傷後者不少貴族騎士及騎兵。此後，英軍節節勝利，直到聖女貞德出現扭轉戰局。圖中右下木樁，用作防禦騎兵。
玫瑰戰爭後期的博斯沃思原野戰役，約克王朝（House of York）一方的戰士裝備。
擊敗無敵艦隊（Spanish Armada）後，伊莉莎白女王在提伯利集結軍隊，發表演說鼓舞士兵，抵抗可能經鄧寇克渡海而來的西班牙軍隊。
英國內戰中，國會派的新規軍於此役打敗查理一世的軍隊，逐步把查理一世逼上絕路。
西班牙王位繼承戰爭中，一場位於荷蘭的大合戰，英國領導反法同盟血戰法軍。
決定拿破崙覆滅的滑鐵盧戰役中，高士廉衛隊（Coldstream Guards ）的裝備。
克里米亞戰爭中，英法聯軍登陸克里米亞半島後發動的攻勢。
一戰索姆河戰役中，英軍第一天已傷亡6萬人，數字最後達45萬人。下為用品列表（逆S型順序）：
1 Hob nail boots
2 Puttees (for binding trousers around lower legs)
3 Socks
4 Shirt and vest
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5 Gas mask container
6 Gas mask
7 Non Commissioned ranks hat
8 Notebook and service warrant card
9 Battledress tunic – note stripes on sleeve denote rank
10 Mess tins
11 Tin opener and can of food, appears to be tinned stewed apple
12 Oxo cubes
13 Bar of chocolate
14 Bar of soap
15 Water flask
16 Belt
17 Leather belt with leather pouches for kit
18 Haversack
19 Longjohn under garments, battledress trousers and braces
20 Boot polish and two brushes
21 Blankets
22 Dog tags – imprinted with name, rank and service number
23 Trench club – for breaking heavy ground for trenching into and for fighting the enemy at close quarters
24 Entrenching tool handle; often the handle was customised with lumps of metal and made into a trench club
25 Leather pouch for entrenching tool
26 Field dressing
27 Cigarettes and matches
28 Mess kit containing knife, fork spoon, shaving brush, soap and brass button polisher (slid underneath battledress button to protect BD from polish)
29 Polish
30 Razor
31 Gun oil
32 Cloth for pull-through for cleaning barrels internally
33 Bullet
34 Ammunition belt, containing clips of bullets
35 Penknife and pull through cord
36 Entrenching tool spade; sometimes soldiers sharpened the edges of the spade and used these to fight
37 Lee Enfield 303 bolt action rifle. It was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century as an attempt to create a standard rifle for both the infantry and soldiers on horseback. As it turned out it was ideally suited to conditions in the trenches – it wasn’t good at firing over long distances, but was really robust and could stand up to the mud. It was still used right up into the 1950s.
38 Bayonet – to be attached to fore end of rifle
39 Helmet – with cover
40 Fob watch, personal effects. Officers tended to have pocket watches more so than infantry soldiers
41 Coins – possibly local francs or similar, personal effects
42 Scabbard for bayonet, worn on leather belt around waist over hip
43 5 round ammunition clips – ready to load magazine of 303 rifle
市場花園行動（Operation Market Garden）的其中一環，空降部隊始終無法奪取德軍控制的「安恆大橋」。
蘇彝士運河危機的低潮後，一次鞏衛海外領土的奪目反撲。
娛樂及資訊用品，已進化至左下的現代平板電腦。
Source: https://www.thomatkinson.com
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